Add constraint to enforce a minimum integral index of connectivity (IIC) value

Add constraint to a restoration problem (restopt_problem()) object to specify the minimum integral index of connectivity of a solution.

Usage

add_min_iic_constraint(
  problem,
  min_iic,
  distance_threshold = -1,
  unit = "m",
  precision = 4
)

Arguments

problem: restopt_problem() Restoration problem object.
min_iic: numeric Minimum IIC value (between 0 and 1).
distance_threshold: numeric greater than 0. Minimum distance (in unit) between two patches to consider them connected in the computation of the IIC. The default value -1 causes the function to use 1 aggregated cell as the distance threshold.
unit: unit object or a character that can be coerced to a distance unit (see unit package), or "cells" for cell width of aggregated habitat raster. Units of the distance_threshold parameter. If the input habitat raster does not use a projected coordinate system, only "cells" is available. Meters by default, expected if distance_threshold is set to its default value (-1), which causes the function to use 1 cell by default.
precision: integer Precision for calculations. Defaults to 4.

Value

An updated restoration problem (restopt_problem()) object.

Details

The integral index of connectivity (IIC) is a graph-based inter-patch connectivity index based on a binary connection model (Pascual-Hortal & Saura, 2006). Its maximization in the context of restoration favours restoring the structural connectivity between large patches. IIC is unitless and comprised between 0 (no connectivity) and 1 (all the landscape is habitat, thus fully connected). The distance_threshold parameter indicates to the solver how to construct the habitat graph, i.e. what is the minimum distance between two patches to consider them as connected. Note that, as the computation occurs on aggregated cells, if distance_threshold is used with a different unit than "cells", it will be rounded to the closest corresponding number of cells.

The effective mesh size (MESH) is a measure of landscape fragmentation based on the probability that two randomly chosen points are located in the same patch (Jaeger, 2000). Maximizing it in the context of restoration favours fewer and larger patches.

References

Pascual-Hortal, L., & Saura, S. (2006). Comparison and development of new graph-based landscape connectivity indices: Towards the priorization of habitat patches and corridors for conservation. Landscape Ecology, 21(7), 959‑967. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-006-0013-z

Examples

# \donttest{
# load data
habitat_data <- rast(
  system.file("extdata", "habitat_hi_res.tif", package = "restoptr")
)

locked_out_data <- rast(
 system.file("extdata", "locked_out.tif", package = "restoptr")
)

# create problem with locked out constraints
p <- restopt_problem(
    existing_habitat = habitat_data,
    aggregation_factor = 16,
    habitat_threshold = 0.7
  ) %>%
  add_min_iic_constraint(0.2) %>%
  add_restorable_constraint(
    min_restore = 200,
    max_restore = 300,
  ) %>%
  add_locked_out_constraint(data = locked_out_data) %>%
  add_compactness_constraint(2500, unit = "m") %>%
  add_settings(time_limit = 1)

# print problem
print(p)
#> ----------------------------------------------------------------- 
#>                          Restopt                          
#> ----------------------------------------------------------------- 
#> original habitat:     habitat_hi_res.tif 
#> aggregation factor:   16 
#> habitat threshold:    0.7 
#> existing habitat:     in memory 
#> restorable habitat:   in memory 
#> ----------------------------------------------------------------- 
#> objective:            No optimization objective 
#> ----------------------------------------------------------------- 
#> constraints:          
#>   -  min IIC (min_iic = 0.2, distance_threshold = 1, unit = cells, precision = 4) 
#>   -  restorable (min_restore = 200, max_restore = 300, min_proportion = 1, unit = ha) 
#>   -  locked out (data = in memory) 
#>   -  compactness (max_diameter = 2500, unit = m) 
#> ----------------------------------------------------------------- 
#> settings: 
#>   - precision = 4
#>   - time_limit = 1
#>   - nb_solutions = 1
#>   - optimality_gap = 0
#>   - solution_name_prefix = Solution  
#> ----------------------------------------------------------------- 

# solve problem
s <- solve(p)
#> Error in solve.RestoptProblem(p): The research was stopped before a solution was found,  consider increasing the time limit

# plot solution
plot(s)
#> Error in h(simpleError(msg, call)): error in evaluating the argument 'x' in selecting a method for function 'plot': object 's' not found
# }